Safety of intracameral injection of levofloxacin 0.5% eye drops single dose 0.6 ml preservative free on rabbit eye.

Background: This was an experimental, parallel, and randomized study to evaluate the safety of single intracameral injection of 0.6 ml 0.5% preservative-free levofloxacin eye drops on rabbit eye. Methods: In total, 24 eyes of 12 New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups. The first group (LFX) was treated with 0.1 ml intracameral injection of levofloxacin 0.5% eye drops of 0.6 ml preservative-free (n = 6), the second group (CRAV) was treated with 0.1 ml intracameral injection of levofloxacin 0.5% eye drops 5 ml commercially available eye drops preservative-free (n = 6), and the third group (BSS) were treated with 0.1 ml intracameral injection of balanced salt solution (n = 12). All groups received a single dose. The clinical evaluation was performed on the 1 st, 3 rd, 5 th, and 7 th day after injection. Each eye was enucleated on the 7 th day and underwent a histopathology examination. Results: The clinical scores among the three groups did not show any significant difference on days 1 st, 2 nd, 3 rd, and 7 th (p>0.05). The only ones noted in clinical scores were mild corneal opacity, mild cells, and flares in the anterior chamber. The histopathology score demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the three groups (p>0.05). Vacuolization of corneal endothelial cells was noted in all groups but was not statistically significant. Conclusions: A single intracameral injection of 0.6 ml 0.5% preservative-free levofloxacin eye drops was safe for rabbit eye, according to clinical and histopathology scores, similar to levofloxacin 0.5% eye drops in 5 ml bottle preservative free.

Comparative Assessment of Short-Term Tendon-Scleral Postoperative Inflammation and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Expression following Oral and Topical Diclofenac Administration for Strabismus Surgery in Rabbits.

PURPOSE: Wound healing and fibrosis modulation are considered pivotal for the long-term outcome of strabismus surgery. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including diclofenac sodium, are inflammation suppressive drugs that may modulate wound healing, including postoperative inflammation. This study aimed to compare the effect of oral and 0.1% topical diclofenac sodium on short-term inflammation and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression at the tendon-scleral attachment site following strabismus surgery in an experimental rabbit model. METHODS: Superior rectus recession was performed in 12 eyes of six New Zealand rabbits. Rabbits were divided into three groups: oral diclofenac 2 × 5 mg/kg for three days (group A), 0.1% diclofenac sodium eye drops 3 times/day for three days (group B), and controls (group C). On postoperative day 14, enucleation was performed. Macroscopic adhesion score, microscopic adhesion score, percentage of postoperative inflammation area (Masson's trichrome staining), and α-SMA (immunohistochemistry staining) were assessed. Data analysis was performed using a semi-quantitative and quantitative assessment with ImageJ. All groups were compared with reciprocal staining intensity (RSI) values to measure α-SMA expression. RESULTS: All groups showed no difference in macroscopic (p = 0.13) and microscopic adhesion scores (p = 0.28). The percentage of postoperative inflammation area in group B (12.44% (8.63-18.29)) was significantly lower than group A (26.76% (21.38-37.56) p = 0.03) and group C (27.80% (16.42-36.28), p = 0.04). Comparative RSI analysis found that group B had a significantly lower α-SMA expression than group C (174.08 ± 21.78 vs 212.58 ± 12.06, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that compared to oral, the administration of topical diclofenac showed a more significant reduction of short-term postoperative inflammation and α-SMA expression at the tendon-scleral attachment site following strabismus surgery.

Correlation of Ki-67 with Radiation Response and Grade in Meningiomas: A Systematic Review.

PURPOSE: This systematic review aimed to identify the role of Ki-67 as a prognostic factor in estimating tumor grade and the radiation response in meningiomas. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature on meningiomas was carried out through the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases according to the PRISMA guidelines. RESULTS: Our search resulted in 465 collected articles, 15 of which satisfied the eligibility criteria. Twelve studies reported the correlation between Ki-67 and meningioma grade. Two other investigations reported the relationship between Ki-67 and the radiation response in meningioma, and one failed to capture the association between Ki-67 and the radiation response in meningioma. CONCLUSION: The Ki-67 proliferation index has a uniform correlation with meningioma grade. Two of the 3 studies on the correlation of Ki-67 with the radiation response in meningioma patients reported that patients with a higher Ki-67 responded better to radiation therapy.

Long-Delayed Manifestation of COVID-19 Coagulopathy Presenting with Severe Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Causes Massive Brain Hemorrhage.

COVID-19 infection causes coagulopathy, which may lead to cerebral venous thrombotic (CVT) event. It usually occurs in patients with higher severity level of infection and manifests mostly within a month after the infection. However, in rare cases, the CVT may happen long after the infection and unrelated to the degree of the infection severity. We present the case of a previously healthy 62-year-old male patient with very mild COVID-19 symptoms that resolved in 3 weeks of home isolation treatment. Immediately after the infection, he developed hypercoagulability and was treated routinely with a novel oral anti-coagulant drug. Four months after the infection, he developed a worsening headache which, in several days, deteriorated to cause reduction in his consciousness level. Imaging showed a right temporoparietooccipital massive brain hemorrhage with right transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Emergency decompressive craniectomy was performed and the patient recovery was excellent. In patients with a hypercoagulable state after COVID-19 infection, the possibility of CVT event should be observed. It may not be related to the severity of the infection, and it may happen long after the infection.

Overexpression of c-Met is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of c-Met overexpression with survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted on related articles from PubMed, EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Cochrane databases with last updated search on October 31, 2020. A total of 7 studies regarding c-Met overexpression and overall survival (OS) and/or progression free survival (PFS) are included in this study. RESULTS: All studies used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of c-Met protein. The results showed that the positive rate of c-Met overexpression was detected in approximately 33,9% - 60,5% of GBM patients. c-Met overexpression was related to worse OS (HR: 1,74; 95% CI: 1,482-2,043; Z=6,756; p<0,001) and PFS (HR: 1,66; 95% CI: 1,327-2,066; Z=4,464; p<0,001) in GBM patients. Low heterogeneity of subjects was found in both OS and PFS analyses, I2 values were 7,8% and 0,0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, c-Met overexpression is significantly related to shorter OS and PFS in GBM patients, so c-Met can be considered as a potential prognostic indicator in GBM.